Biomics

The work shows the ability of humus basidiomycetes (Agaricus bisporus, A. arvensis) and xylotrophic basidiomycetes (Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa) to recover gold, silver, and selenium, to the elemental state with nanoparticle formation. It examines the effect of these metal and metalloid compounds on the growth parameters and biomass accumulation; the optimal cultivation conditions and concentrations of the studied ion-containing compounds for recovery of nanoparticles have been evaluated. Extra- and intracellular extracts from the basidial fungi reduced HAuCl₄, AgNO₃, and Na₂SeO₃, to nanoparticles of Au⁰, Ag⁰, and Se⁰/SeO₂, and also formed nanoparticles from Na₂SiO₃. The shape, size, and aggregation properties of the particles depended both on the fungal species and on the extract type. The cytotoxicity of the formed Au⁰ nanoparticles for Vero cells was negligible in a broad concentration range (1 to 100 μg/mL), while the Ag⁰ nanoparticles were nontoxic only from 1 to 10 μg/mL.

nanoparticles; green synthesis; saprotrophic basidial fungi; extra- and intracellular extracts

1. Castro-Longoria E. Fungal biosynthesis of nanoparticles, a cleaner alternative. In: Purchase D. (Ed.), Fungal applications in sustainable environmental biotechnology. 2016. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland. P. 323-352.
2. Asmathunisha N., Kathiresan K. A review on biosynthesis of nanoparticles by marine organisms. Colloids Surf. B. 2013. V. 103. P. 283-287. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.10.030
3. Atila F., Owaid M.N., Shariati M.A. The nutritional and medical benefits of Agaricus bisporus: a review. The Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences. 2017. V. 7. P. 281-286. doi:10.15414/jmbfs.2017/18.7.3.281-286
4. Bhainsa K.C., D’Souza S.F. Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Colloids Surf. B. 2006. V. 47. P. 160-164. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2005.11.026
5. Binupriya A.R., Sathishkumar M., Vijayaraghavan K., Yun S.-I. Bioreduction of trivalent aurum to nano-crystalline gold particles by active and inactive cells and cell-free extract of Aspergillus oryzae var. viridis. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2010. V. 177. P. 539-545. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.066
6. Ingle A., Gade A., Pierrat S., Sönnichsen C., Rai M. Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium acuminatum and its activity against some human pathogenic bacteria. Current Nanoscience. 2008. V.4. P.141-144. doi: 10.2174/157341308784340804
7. Kathiresan K., Manivannan S., Nabeel M.A., Dhivya B. Studies on silver nanoparticles synthesized by a marine fungus, Penicillium fellutanum isolated from coastal mangrove sediment. Colloids Surf. B. 2009. V. 71. P. 133-137. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.01.016
8. Kharissova O.V., Rasika Dias H.V., Kharisov B.I., Olvera Pérez B., Jiménez Pérez, V.M. The greener synthesis of nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol. 2013. V. 31. P. 240-248. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.01.003
9. Mukherjee P., Ahmad A., Mandal D., Senapati S., Sainkar S.R., Khan M.I., Ramani R., Parischa R., Ajayakumar P.V., Alam M., Sastry M., Kumar R. Bioreduction of AuCl₄₋ ions by the fungus, Verticillium sp. and surface trapping of the gold nanoparticles formed. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2001. V. 40. No 19. P. 3585-3588. doi: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011001)40:19<3585::AID-

ANIE3585>3.0.CO;2-K

10. Sarkar J., Dey P., Saha S., Acharya K. Mycosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles. Micro & Nano Letters. 2011. V. 6. No. 8. P. 599-602. doi: 10.1049/mnl.2011.0227
11. Singh P., Kim Y.-J., Zhang D., Yang, D.-C. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. Trends Biotechnol. 2016. V. 34. V. 588-599. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.02.006
12. Zare B., Babaie S., Setayesh N., Shahverdi A.R. Isolation and characterization of a fungus for extracellular synthesis of small selenium nanoparticles. Nanomed. J. 2013. V. 1. No. 1. P. 13-19. doi: 10.7508/nmj.2013.01.002