Biomics

DNA methylation plays a significant part in the regulation of gene activity in animals and plants. However, in representatives of the set of taxons (including Diptera) the systems of DNA methylation are reduced to a greater or lesser extent and could be of interest as the model objects for investigation of the phenomenon of phenotypical plasticity realizing through the diverse epigenetic mechanisms. We carried out by the methyl sensitive PCR the determination of 5-methylcytosine presence in house fly DNA at the stages of 3rd instar larvae, puparium and 2- or 3-weeks adults. The range of individual distinctions by the relative resistance of the DNA to the fission by the restriction endonuclease HpaII for some of the loci was from 0.01 to 4.21%. Investigations funded by RFBR 15-04-04801-a.

DNA methylation, house fly, Musca domestica, 5-methylcytosine

1. Беньковская Г.В. Возможности и ограничения изменений продолжительности жизни в лабораторном эксперименте // Успехи геронтол. 2010. Т.23. № 3. С.442–446.
2. Гончар Д.А., Акишев А.Г., Дегтярев С.Х. BlsI- и GlaI- ПЦР анализ – новый метод исследования метилированных участков ДНК // Вестник биотехнологии и физико-химической биологии. 2010. Т.6. №1. С.5-12.
3. Angers B., Castonguay E., Massicotte R. Environmentally induced phenotypes and DNA methylation: how to deal with unpredictable conditions until the next generation and after // Ecol. 2010. V.19. P.1283–1295.
4. Barchuk A.R., Cristino A.S., Kucharski R. et al. Molecular determinants of caste differentiation in the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera // BMC Dev. Biol. 2007. V.7. P.70-88.
5. Eissenberg J.C., Shilafiard A. Histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation in development and differentiation // Dev. Biol. 2010. V.339. N2. P.240-249.
6. Elango, HuntB.G., GoodismanM.A.D., YiS.V. DNA methylation is widespread and associated with differential gene expression in castes of the honeybee, Apis mellifera // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2009. V.106: P.11206–11.
7. Fulnecek J., Kovarik A. How to interpreted Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) profiles? //BMC Genetics.2014. V.15. N2. P.1-9.
8. Glastad K.M., Hunt B.G., Yi S.V., Goodisman M.A.D. DNA methylation in insects: on the brink of the epigenomic era // Mol. Biol. 2011. Vol.13. P.117–123.
9. Greenberg B. Flies and disease // Sci. Am. 1965. V.213. P.92–99.
10. Hough-Evans B., Jacobs-Lorena M., Cummings M.R., Roy J. Complexity of RNA in eggs of Drosophila melanogaster and Musca domestica // Genetics. 1980. V.95. P.81-94.
11. Hung M.S., Karthikeyan N., Huang B. et al. Drosophila proteins related to vertebrate DNA (5-cytosine) methyltransferases // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 1999. 96(21), p. 11940-11945.
12. Jablonka E., Lamb M.J. Epigenetic inheritance in evolution // J. Evol. Biol. 1998. V.11. P.159-183.
13. Koryakov D.E., Walther M., Ebert A., et al. The SUUR protein is involved in binding of SU(VAR)3-9 and methylation of H3K9 and H3K27 in chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster // Chromosome Res. 2011 V.19. N2. P.235-249.
14. Law R., Ferro A.J., Cummings M.R., Shapiro S.K. tRNA methyltransferases during embryogenesis in Musca domestica // Developmental Biology. 1976. V.54. N.2. P.304-307.
15. Lim U., Song M.A. Dietary and lifestyle factors of DNA methylation // Methods Mol. Biol. 2012. V.863. P.359–376.
16. Lyko F., Ramsahoye B.H., Jaenisch R. Development DNA methylation in Drosophila melanogaster // Nature. 2000. V.408. Р.538–540.
17. Maleszka R. Epigenetic integration of environmental and genomic signals in honey bees: The critical interplay of nutritional, brain and reproductive networks // Epigenetics. 2008. V.3. P.188–192.
18. Mandrioli M., Borsatti F. DNA methylation of fly genes and transposons // Mol. Life Sci. 2006. V.63. P.1933–1936.
19. Mazin A.L. Suicidal function of DNA methylation in age-related genome disintegration // Ageing Research Reviews. 2009. V.8. P.314-327.
20. Morgan H.D., Santos F., Green K., Dean W., Reik W. Epigenetic reprogramming in mammals // Human Molecular Genetics. 2005. V.14. P.47-58.
21. Raddatz G., Guzzardo P.M., Olova N., Fantappie M.R. et al. Dnmt2-dependent methylomes lack defined DNA methylation patterns // Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2013. V.110. N.21. P.8627-8631.
22. Rae P.M.M., Steele R.E. Absence of cytosine methylation at C-C-G-G and G-C-G-C sites in the rDNA coding regions and intervening sequences of Drosophila and the rDNA of other higher insects // Nucleic Acids Res. 1979. V.6. N.9. P.2987-2995.
23. Salzberg A., Fisher O., Siman-Tov R., Ankri S. Identification of methylated sequences in genomic DNA of adult Drosophila melanogaster // Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2004. V.322. P. 465–469.
24. Scott J.G., Warren W.C., Beukeboom L.W., Boop D. et al. Genome of the house fly, Musca domestica, a global vector of diseases with adaptations to a septic environment // Genome Biology. 2014. V.15. P. 466-481.
25. Singer-Sam J., Grant M., LeBon J.M. et al. Use of a HpaII-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay to study DNA methylation in the Pgk-1 CpG island of Mouse Embryos at the Time of X-Chromosome Inactivation // Mol. Cell Biol. 1990. V.10. P.4987-4989.
26. Solis M.T., Rodriguez-Serrano M., Meijon M. et al. DNA methylation dynamics and MET1a-like gene expression changes during stress-induced pollen reprogramming to embryogenesis // J. Exp. Bot. 2012. V.63. N.18. P.6431–6444.
27. Takayama S., Dhahbi J., Roberts A. et al. Genome methylation in melanogaster is found at specific short motifs and is independent of DNMT2 activity // Genome Res. 2014. V.24. N.5. P.821–830.
28. Tweedie S., Ng H.H., Barlow A.L. et al. Vestiges of a DNA methylation system in Drosophila melanogaster? // Nat. Genet. 1999. V.23. P.389–390.
29. Zemach A., McDaniel I.E., Silva P., Zilberman D. Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of eukaryotic DNA methylation // 2010. V.328. N.5980. P.916-919.
30. Zhang G., Huang H., Liu D. et al. N6‑methyladenine DNA modification in Drosophila // 2015. V.161. P.893–906. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.04.018.