Biomics

Organ size of plants is an important morphological characteristic and is under strict genetic control. A large number of genes, regulating growth and development are responsible for size, proportion and symmetry of organs. Most of these genes are discovered. In fact, size of organs is controlled by regulation of cellular division and expansion, and these genes could be divided in two groups. First group consists of genes regulating cell division, for example AINTEGUMENTA, ARGOS, SYCLIND3, 1, CDPK, AN3/GIF1, WUSCHEL, CLAVATA3. The second group of genes that regulate cell elongation, encodes expansins, xyloglucan endotransglucosylases, as well as a number of transmembrane proteins and transcription factors. Mechanisms of interaction of these two groups of genes with each other and very little is known of their disclosure is the subject of future research. Apparently, this process involves a large number of protein factors and all the hormones, which together are signaling molecules in growth regulation. The study of genetic regulation of plant growth and development is important not only for fundamental science, but is of great interest in applications, due to the possibility of using the knowledge gained to create economically important plants with increased sizes of which will be of demand in agriculture and forestry.

organ sizes; cellular division, cellular expansion; AINTEGUMENTA; ARGOS; ARL; WUSCHEL; CLAVATA3; expansins

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