Biomics

Феназины — гетероциклические азотсодержащие вторичные метаболиты, широко распространённые у бактерий и обладающие разнообразными биологическими функциями: от антимикробного действия до участия в обмене электронов. Химическое ядро феназинов базируется на бициклической системе, в которой два бензольных кольца соединены через два атома азота. На сегодняшний день известно более 150 природных феназинов и более 6000 их синтетических производных с широким спектром биоактивностей, включая противомикробную, противоопухолевую, гипотензивную, нейропротекторную, противопаразитарную и ряд других. Эти вторичные метаболиты являются ценным природным ресурсом для разработки новых лекарств, благодаря возможности модификации положения и типов функциональных групп в молекуле, которые в итоге диктуют химические, физические и биологические свойства новых феназинов. Хотя ферменты, участвующие в метилировании, гидроксилировании, гликозилировании и изопрениляции феназинового ядра исследованы, все еще остается много вопросов с такими реакциями, как димеризация, галогенирование и биосинтез сафеновой кислоты, для которых до сих пор не найдены ключевые ферменты. В обзоре суммируются сведения о биосинтезе феназинов и его генетической основе, роли этих вторичных метаболитов в растительно-микробных сообществах и патогенезе, методах обнаружения, а также применение в биотехнологии и фармакологии; обсуждаются существующие проблемы получения новых производных феназинов и перспективные направления для будущих исследований.

биосинтез феназинов, вторичные метаболиты бактерий, антимикробная активность, противоопухолевая активность, обмен электронов, феназин, пиоцианин, phz-оперон

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