Biomics

Drought is a serious problem worldwide, which leads to a decrease in agricultural crop yield. The study of the effect of 12% polyethyleneglycol 6000 (PEG) treatment of roots of wheat plants on the parameters of photosynthetic activity of leaves of stress-sensitive young seedlings of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety ‘Skipetr’ can provide new insights into the mechanisms regulating abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Using the IMAGE-PAM pulse fluorimeter (Heinz Waltz GmbH, Germany), it was shown that the parameters of minimum fluorescence after dark adaptation of plants (Fo), maximum fluorescence after dark adaptation of plants (Fm), minimum fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fo), quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation (Y(NO)) and the coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching (qN) of wheat leaves were sensitive to drought. There were differences in the assessing of the parameters of the efficiency of photosynthesis of leaves obtained after 1 day of stress influence and after 2-3 days of PEG exposure of wheat plants. During the first day of drought, there were active induction of adaptation processes of the photosynthetic apparatus of wheat plants, which is reflected in the parameters Fo, Fv/Fo, maximum fluorescence efficiency (Fv/Fm), quantum yield of photosystem II (ФFSII), qN and quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)). During the next two days of PEG exposure, the efficiency of the usage of solar energy by wheat photosynthesis apparatuswas impaired. The exceptions were the parameters Ft/Fo and the effective quantum yield of photosystem II (Y(II)), which had different dynamics of changes. During the first day of water deficit, Ft/Fo ratio and Y(II) parameter indicated the decrease in the rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as the decrease in the proportion of absorbed and converted light energy. During the next two days of PEG exposure, the Ft/Fo and Y(II) parameters of wheat leaves reflected the development of adaptation processes of plant photosynthetic apparatus and normalization of light absorption by light-harvesting complexes. 

Withania somnifera, Withania coagulans, chloroplast genome, phylogenetic tree

1. Gupta P., Goel R., Agarwal A.V., Asif M.H., Sangwan N.S., Sangwan R.S., Trivedi P.K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different chemotypes elucidates withanolide biosynthesis pathway from medicinal plant Withania somnifera. Scientific Reports. 2015. V. 5(1). 18611. DOI: 10.1038/srep18611
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4. Malik S., Mir B.A., Singh H.K., Chaudhary M., Raina S.N., Babbar S.B. DNA Barcodes Distinguish Withania somnifera and Withania ashwagandha. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2018. V. 88(4). P. 1413–1424. DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0879-3
5. Mehmood F., Abdullah Ubaid Z., Bao Y., Poczai P., Mirza B. Comparative Plastomics of Ashwagandha (Withania, Solanaceae) and Identification of Mutational Hotspots for Barcoding Medicinal Plants. Plants. 2020. V. 9(6). 752. DOI: 10.3390/plants9060752
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8. Negi M., Sabharwal V., Wilson N., Lakshmikumaran M. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of SAMPL and AFLP in assessing genetic relationships among Withania somnifera Curr. Sci. 2006. V. 9. P. 464–471.
9. Specimen LE 01194966. Virtual herbarium of Komarov Botanical Institute RAS — http://re.herbariumle.ru/01194966
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11. Venugopal S., Padma M., Rajkumar M., Seenivasan N., Saidaiah P., Sathish G., Jnanesha A.C., Kumar R.S., Lal R.K. The qualitative and molecular categorization for genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Ecological Genetics and Genomics. 2024. V. 33. 100294. DOI: 1016/j.egg.2024.100294
12. Xia G., Cao S., Chen L., Qiu F. (2022). Natural withanolides, an update. Natural Product Reports. 2022. V. 39(4). P. 784–813. DOI:1039/D1NP00055A
13. Gupta P., Goel R., Agarwal A.V., Asif M.H., Sangwan N.S., Sangwan R.S., Trivedi P.K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different chemotypes elucidates withanolide biosynthesis pathway from medicinal plant Withania somnifera. Scientific Reports. 2015. V. 5(1). 18611. DOI: 10.1038/srep18611
14. Khan M. I., Maqsood M., Saeed R. A., Alam A., Sahar A., Kieliszek M., Miecznikowski A., Muzammil H. S., Aadil R. M. Phytochemistry, Food Application, and Therapeutic Potential of the Medicinal Plant (Withania coagulans): A Review. Molecules. 2021. V. 26(22). 6881. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226881
15. Khanna P.K., Chandra R., Kumar A., Dogra N., Gupta H., Gupta G., Verma V. Correlation between morphological, chemical and RAPD markers for assessing genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 2014. V. 17(1). P. 27–34. DOI: 10.1007/s12892-013-0104-8
16. Malik S., Mir B.A., Singh H.K., Chaudhary M., Raina S.N., Babbar S.B. DNA Barcodes Distinguish Withania somnifera and Withania ashwagandha. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2018. V. 88(4). P. 1413–1424. DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0879-3
17. Mehmood F., Abdullah Ubaid Z., Bao Y., Poczai P., Mirza B. Comparative Plastomics of Ashwagandha (Withania, Solanaceae) and Identification of Mutational Hotspots for Barcoding Medicinal Plants. Plants. 2020. V. 9(6). 752. DOI: 10.3390/plants9060752
18. Mikhaylova E.V. Prospects for the Application of the Medicinal Plant Withania Somnifera for Biotechnological Production of Pharmaceuticals. 2022, 14(3). P. 192–208. DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-14(In Russian)
19. Mikhaylova E.V., Panfilova M.A., Fedyaev V.V., Kuluev B.R. The impact of the content of macro- and microelements in the culture medium on the productivity of Withania coagulans hairy root cultures. Biotekhnologiya = Biotechnology. 2024. V.40(1). P. 15–23. DOI: 10.56304/S0234275824010083. (In Russian)
20. Negi M., Sabharwal V., Wilson N., Lakshmikumaran M. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of SAMPL and AFLP in assessing genetic relationships among Withania somnifera Curr. Sci. 2006. V. 9. P. 464–471.
21. Specimen LE 01194966. Virtual herbarium of Komarov Botanical Institute RAS — http://re.herbariumle.ru/01194966
22. Seregin A. P. (ed.) Sample MW0747341 from the collection "Herbarium of Moscow State University". Depository of living systems "Noah's Ark" (direction "Plants"): Electronic resource. - M.: Moscow State University, 2024. - Access: https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/module/itempublic?d=P&openparams=%5Bopen-id%3D78116014%5D (дата обращения11.2024). – License CC-BY 4.0.
23. Venugopal S., Padma M., Rajkumar M., Seenivasan N., Saidaiah P., Sathish G., Jnanesha A.C., Kumar R.S., Lal R.K. The qualitative and molecular categorization for genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Ecological Genetics and Genomics. 2024. V. 33. 100294. DOI: 1016/j.egg.2024.100294
24. Xia G., Cao S., Chen L., Qiu F. (2022). Natural withanolides, an update. Natural Product Reports. 2022. V. 39(4). P. 784–813. DOI:1039/D1NP00055A