Biomics

Representatives of the genus Withania of the Solanaceae family, the plants Withania somnifera and Withania coagulans Dunal. are valuable for the pharmaceutical and food industries due to the content of biologically active compounds, mainly belonging to the class of withanolides. Powdered dried roots of W. somnifera are used as dietary supplements. In addition to climatic conditions and soil composition, plant metabolism is affected by the genotype. The external similarity of W. somnifera and W. coagulans may also lead to accidental or intentional substitution of one species for the other. We analyzed the chloroplast genomes of 12 plants of the Solanaceae family and identified variable regions of the non-coding spacer atpF-atpH and the rbcL and rpoB genes, which can be used to identify the plant species by the Sanger sequencing method. We also identified three regions of the chloroplast genome (trnF-trnL - ndhJ-trnL, rbcL-accD and rpl36-rps8) with indels ranging from 100 to 600 bp, which can be used to develop a PCR test system for identifying the species of economically valuable plants of the genus Withania.

Withania somnifera, Withania coagulans, chloroplast genome, phylogenetic tree

1. Gupta P., Goel R., Agarwal A.V., Asif M.H., Sangwan N.S., Sangwan R.S., Trivedi P.K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different chemotypes elucidates withanolide biosynthesis pathway from medicinal plant Withania somnifera. Scientific Reports. 2015. V. 5(1). 18611. DOI: 10.1038/srep18611
2. Khan M. I., Maqsood M., Saeed R. A., Alam A., Sahar A., Kieliszek M., Miecznikowski A., Muzammil H. S., Aadil R. M. Phytochemistry, Food Application, and Therapeutic Potential of the Medicinal Plant (Withania coagulans): A Review. Molecules. 2021. V. 26(22). 6881. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226881
3. Khanna P.K., Chandra R., Kumar A., Dogra N., Gupta H., Gupta G., Verma V. Correlation between morphological, chemical and RAPD markers for assessing genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 2014. V. 17(1). P. 27–34. DOI: 10.1007/s12892-013-0104-8
4. Malik S., Mir B.A., Singh H.K., Chaudhary M., Raina S.N., Babbar S.B. DNA Barcodes Distinguish Withania somnifera and Withania ashwagandha. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2018. V. 88(4). P. 1413–1424. DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0879-3
5. Mehmood F., Abdullah Ubaid Z., Bao Y., Poczai P., Mirza B. Comparative Plastomics of Ashwagandha (Withania, Solanaceae) and Identification of Mutational Hotspots for Barcoding Medicinal Plants. Plants. 2020. V. 9(6). 752. DOI: 10.3390/plants9060752
6. Mikhaylova E.V. Prospects for the Application of the Medicinal Plant Withania Somnifera for Biotechnological Production of Pharmaceuticals. 2022, 14(3). P. 192–208. DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-14(In Russian)
7. Mikhaylova E.V., Panfilova M.A., Fedyaev V.V., Kuluev B.R. The impact of the content of macro- and microelements in the culture medium on the productivity of Withania coagulans hairy root cultures. Biotekhnologiya = Biotechnology. 2024. V.40(1). P. 15–23. DOI: 10.56304/S0234275824010083. (In Russian)
8. Negi M., Sabharwal V., Wilson N., Lakshmikumaran M. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of SAMPL and AFLP in assessing genetic relationships among Withania somnifera Curr. Sci. 2006. V. 9. P. 464–471.
9. Specimen LE 01194966. Virtual herbarium of Komarov Botanical Institute RAS — http://re.herbariumle.ru/01194966
10. Seregin A. P. (ed.) Sample MW0747341 from the collection "Herbarium of Moscow State University". Depository of living systems "Noah's Ark" (direction "Plants"): Electronic resource. - M.: Moscow State University, 2024. - Access: https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/module/itempublic?d=P&openparams=%5Bopen-id%3D78116014%5D (дата обращения11.2024). – License CC-BY 4.0.
11. Venugopal S., Padma M., Rajkumar M., Seenivasan N., Saidaiah P., Sathish G., Jnanesha A.C., Kumar R.S., Lal R.K. The qualitative and molecular categorization for genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Ecological Genetics and Genomics. 2024. V. 33. 100294. DOI: 1016/j.egg.2024.100294
12. Xia G., Cao S., Chen L., Qiu F. (2022). Natural withanolides, an update. Natural Product Reports. 2022. V. 39(4). P. 784–813. DOI:1039/D1NP00055A
13. Gupta P., Goel R., Agarwal A.V., Asif M.H., Sangwan N.S., Sangwan R.S., Trivedi P.K. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different chemotypes elucidates withanolide biosynthesis pathway from medicinal plant Withania somnifera. Scientific Reports. 2015. V. 5(1). 18611. DOI: 10.1038/srep18611
14. Khan M. I., Maqsood M., Saeed R. A., Alam A., Sahar A., Kieliszek M., Miecznikowski A., Muzammil H. S., Aadil R. M. Phytochemistry, Food Application, and Therapeutic Potential of the Medicinal Plant (Withania coagulans): A Review. Molecules. 2021. V. 26(22). 6881. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226881
15. Khanna P.K., Chandra R., Kumar A., Dogra N., Gupta H., Gupta G., Verma V. Correlation between morphological, chemical and RAPD markers for assessing genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology. 2014. V. 17(1). P. 27–34. DOI: 10.1007/s12892-013-0104-8
16. Malik S., Mir B.A., Singh H.K., Chaudhary M., Raina S.N., Babbar S.B. DNA Barcodes Distinguish Withania somnifera and Withania ashwagandha. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences. 2018. V. 88(4). P. 1413–1424. DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0879-3
17. Mehmood F., Abdullah Ubaid Z., Bao Y., Poczai P., Mirza B. Comparative Plastomics of Ashwagandha (Withania, Solanaceae) and Identification of Mutational Hotspots for Barcoding Medicinal Plants. Plants. 2020. V. 9(6). 752. DOI: 10.3390/plants9060752
18. Mikhaylova E.V. Prospects for the Application of the Medicinal Plant Withania Somnifera for Biotechnological Production of Pharmaceuticals. 2022, 14(3). P. 192–208. DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2022-14(In Russian)
19. Mikhaylova E.V., Panfilova M.A., Fedyaev V.V., Kuluev B.R. The impact of the content of macro- and microelements in the culture medium on the productivity of Withania coagulans hairy root cultures. Biotekhnologiya = Biotechnology. 2024. V.40(1). P. 15–23. DOI: 10.56304/S0234275824010083. (In Russian)
20. Negi M., Sabharwal V., Wilson N., Lakshmikumaran M. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of SAMPL and AFLP in assessing genetic relationships among Withania somnifera Curr. Sci. 2006. V. 9. P. 464–471.
21. Specimen LE 01194966. Virtual herbarium of Komarov Botanical Institute RAS — http://re.herbariumle.ru/01194966
22. Seregin A. P. (ed.) Sample MW0747341 from the collection "Herbarium of Moscow State University". Depository of living systems "Noah's Ark" (direction "Plants"): Electronic resource. - M.: Moscow State University, 2024. - Access: https://plant.depo.msu.ru/open/module/itempublic?d=P&openparams=%5Bopen-id%3D78116014%5D (дата обращения11.2024). – License CC-BY 4.0.
23. Venugopal S., Padma M., Rajkumar M., Seenivasan N., Saidaiah P., Sathish G., Jnanesha A.C., Kumar R.S., Lal R.K. The qualitative and molecular categorization for genetic diversity in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Ecological Genetics and Genomics. 2024. V. 33. 100294. DOI: 1016/j.egg.2024.100294
24. Xia G., Cao S., Chen L., Qiu F. (2022). Natural withanolides, an update. Natural Product Reports. 2022. V. 39(4). P. 784–813. DOI:1039/D1NP00055A