Biomics

Melon crops growing has long been the pride of Russian agriculture, especially the Astrakhan region. The natural conditions of the Lower Volga region are very favorable for growing gourds. However, under conditions of drip irrigation, phytopathogens develop, which significantly reduce the yield of cultivated crops. One of the dangerous diseases of gourds is anthracnose (pathogen Colletotrichum laqenarium), which spreads rapidly under favorable conditions high humidity combined with high air temperature, high soil acidity, lack of potassium and phosphorus, often leading to a complete loss of crop. In this paper, we studied the effect of a biological plant protection agent based on Bacillus atrophaeus, cultivated on legume and cornmolasses bases, on growth and shaping processes, yield and disease development of gourds in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region using watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) as an example. When testing laboratory samples of the product, a positive effect on increasing the length of the central lash, the number of leaves, shoots and fruits, the mass of fruits, as well as reducing the number of diseased fruits was proved. In addition to the impact on growth and shaping indicators, the studied samples had an effect on reducing the development of watermelon anthracnose throughout the growing season and increasing the yield of cultivated gourds. At the same time, the B. atrophaeus preparation cultivated on a legume nutrient medium more effectively influenced the studied parameters: it reduced the incidence of anthracnose in plants, reduced the number of diseased fruits, increasing crop yield and fruit weight. In general, the data obtained testify in favor of the fact that the use of biological agents based on B. atrophaeus in the agricultural fields of the Astrakhan region when cultivating watermelon shows the effectiveness of the development and implementation of microbiological methods of plant protection in the arid climate of the region.

anthracnose, microorganisms of the genus Bacillus, gourds, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), drip irrigation, biological plant protection product, bean medium, corn molasses medium, farming, agriculture

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