Biomics

The importance of detection of single-nucleotide substitutions in the genomes of different organisms can hardly be overestimated, since they are largely responsible for the vital status and increasingly used in marker-assisted breeding of agricultural animals and plants. If the de novo detection of polymorphic nucleotides is carried out by sequencing either separate genes or complete genomes, then the detection of polymorphic nucleotides that have already become known (genotyping) is carried out by a huge number of methods and their countless variations. This review provides a brief enumeration of the main methods for detecting polymorphic nucleotides and provides a small historical reference on the terminology of single-nucleotide polymorphism, now known as SNP, read as "snip".

DNA, single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP

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