Biomics

One of the leading problems in potato growing is the inconsistency of phytosanitary parameters of seed potatoes with the requirements of national standards. This is facilitated by the traditionally used chemical protection of plants, which leads to the selection of resistant strains of pathogens and, as a consequence, a high level of infestation of the planting material. An environmentally oriented approach to potato cultivation technology is adaptive-integrated protection, which implies the creation of integrated plant protection systems against diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of adaptively integrated protection of potatoes against diseases of various etiologies against a high infectious background. The research was carried out in the Laishevsky district of the Tatarstan Republic on the Rodriga variety. According to the results of tuber analysis, it was established that the prevalence rates of diseases exceeded the requirements of GOST 33996-2016. Seed tubers were treated with Revus® fungicide; during the growing season, a double treatment with Famox® and Gymnast® preparations was carried out. In the variant of integrated protection, the treatment was carried out with half the norms of fungicides with the biopreparation Phytosporin® -AS. The use of adaptive-integrated protection of potato during the first growing season led to activation of the destruction of plant residues and an increase in the number of nitrogenfixing microorganisms, a decrease in the content of phytopathogenic and to increase antagonistic microflora. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection of Rodriga potatoes on high infectious background against in the first year of vegetation (late blight, vascular wilt of potato, dry rot of potato, black scab, bacterial rot) was 61.5-100%, which led to an increase crop yield

tuber analysis, potato diseases, adaptive-integrated protection, biometric analysis, soil microbial community structure

1. GOST R 33996-2016. Kartofel' semennoj. Tehnicheskie uslovija i metody opredelenija kachestva. M.: Standartinform. 2017. 36 s. [Seed potatoes. Specifications and methods of determining the quality]. (In Russian).
2. GOST R 58595-2019. Pochvy. Otbor prob. M.: Standartinform. 2020. 8 s. [Soils. Sampling]. (In Russian).
3. GOST 28268-89. Pochvy. Metody opredelenija vlazhnosti, maksimal'noj gigroskopicheskoj vlazhnosti i vlazhnosti ustojchivogo zavjadanija rastenij. M.: Standartinform. 2006. 8 s. [Soils. Methods of determination of moisture, maximum hygroscopic moisture and moisture of steady plant fading]. (In Russian).
4. GOST 17.4.4.02-2017. Ohrana prirody (SSOP). Pochvy. Metody otbora i podgotovki prob dlja himicheskogo, bakteriologicheskogo, gel'mintologicheskogo analiza. M.: Standartinform. 2018. 9 s. [Nature protection. Soils. Methods for sampling and preparation of soil for chemical, bacteriological, helmintological analysis]. (In Russian).
5. GOST 26213-91. Pochvy. Metody opredelenija organicheskogo veshhestva. M.: Izd-vo standartov, 1992. 8 s. [Soils. Methods for determination of organic matter]. (In Russian).
6. GOST R 58596-2019. Metody opredelenija obshhego azota. M.: Standartinform. 2018. 7 s. [Soils. Methods for determination of total nitrogen]. (In Russian).
7. GOST 26204-91. Pochvy. Opredelenie podvizhnyh soedinenij fosfora i kalija po metodu Chirikova v modifikacii CINAO. M.: Izd-vo standartov, 1992. 8 s. [Soils. Determination of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium by Chiricov method modified by CINAO]. (In Russian).
8. GOST 26483-85. Pochvy. Prigotovlenie solevoj vytjazhki i opredelenie ee rH po metodu CINAO. M.: Izdvo standartov, 1985. 6 s. [Soils. Preparation of salt extract and determination of its рН by CINAO method]. (In Russian).
9. GOST 31640-2012. Korma. Metody opredelenija soderzhanija suhogo veshhestva. M.: Standartinform. 2012. 8 s. [Feeds. Methods for determination of dry matter content]. (In Russian).
10. GOST 26176-2019. Korma, kombikorma. Metody opredelenija rastvorimyh i legkogidrolizuemyh uglevodov. M.: Standartinform. 2019. 10 s. [Fodders, mixed feeds. Methods for determination of soluble and hydrolysable carbohydrates]. (In Russian).
11. Dospehov B.A. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoj obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovanij). M.: Kolos. 1979. 416 s. [Field experiment technique (with the basics of statistical processing of research results)]. (In Russian).
12. Metodicheskie polozhenija po provedeniju ocenki sortov i gibridov kartofelja na ispytatel'nyh uchastkah. M.: Izd-vo VNIIKH. 2013. 15 s. [Methodological provisions for the assessment of varieties and hybrids of potatoes in test plots]. (In Russian).
13. Metodika issledovanij po zashhite kartofelja ot boleznej, vreditelej, sornjakov i immunitetu. RASHN, VNIIKH, AO «Persek». [Sost. A.S. Volovik i dr.]. M., 1995. 107 s. [Research methodology for the protection of potatoes from diseases, pests, weeds and immunity]. (In Russian).
14. MU 5048-89. Metodicheskie ukazanija po opredeleniju nitratov i nitritov v produkcii rastenievodstva. M.: MZ SSSR. 1989. 51 s. [Guidelines for the determination of nitrates and nitrites in crop products]. (In Russian).
15. Spiridonov Ju.Ja., Sokolov M.S., Glinushkin A.P., Karakotov S.D., Korshunov A.V., Toropova E.Ju., Saraev P.V., Semenov A.M., Semenov V.M., Nikitin N.V., Kalinichenko V.P, Lysenko Ju.N. Adaptivnointegrirovannaja zashhita rastenij. M.: Pechatnyj gorod. 2019. 628 s. ISBN: 978-5-98467-014-2. [Adaptively integrated plant protection]. (In Russian).
16. Toropova E.Ju., Kazakova O.A., Seljuk, M.P., Sokolov M.S., Glinushkin A.P. Faktory induktsii supressivnosti pochvy. Agrohimija. 2017. № 4. S. 58-71. [Soil suppression induction factors]. (In Russian).
17. Filippov A.V. Fitoftoroz kartofelja. Zashhita i karantin rastenij (Prilozhenie k zhurnalu). 2012. № 5. 27 s. [Potato late blight]. (In Russian).
18. Chmielewski, G.J., Krayesky D. General Botany. General Botany Laboratory Manual. 2013. 244 r. ISBN 978-1-4772-9653-0
19. Frampton W.J., Dash J., Watmough G., Milton E.J. Evaluating the capabilities of Sentinel-2 for quantitative estimation of biophysical variables in vegetation. ISPRS J. of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 2013. V. 82. P. 83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2013.04.007. 20.Fox J.E., Gulledge J., Engelhaupt E., Burow M.E., McLachlan J.A. Pesticides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and host plants. PNAS. 2007. V. 104. P. 10282-10287. doi.: 10.1073/pnas.0611710104.
20. Garrity G.M., Brenner D.J., Krieg N.R., Staley J.T. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. V. 2. New York: Springer., 2005. 2811 r. ISBN 978-0-387-95040-2.
21. Prell H.H., Day P. Plant-Fungal Pathogen. A Classical and Molecular View. Springer Science & Business Media Interaction. 2003. 214 r. ISBN: 3-540-66727-X.
22. Verjux N. Integrated Plant Protection in Potatoes: Review of the French Situation. Potato Research. 2018. V. 60. P. 307-318. doi: 10.1007/s11540-018-9382-3.
23. Vos P., Garrity G.M., Jones G., Krieg D., Ludwig N.R., Rainey W., Schleifer F.A., Whitman K.-H. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. V. 3. New York: Springer., 2009. 1450 p. ISBN: 978-0-387-68489-5.
24. Whitman W., Goodfellow M., Kämpfer P., Busse H.-J., Trujillo M., Ludwig W., Suzuki K.-I., Parte A. Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. V. 5. New York: Springer., 2012. 2083 p. ISBN: 978-0-387-68233-4.