Biomics

Plant regeneration from morphogenic calli in vitro is an integral part of several biotechnologies. Immature embryos are particularly promising as explants for obtaining morphogenic calli in cereals. The study is devoted to the identification of cytophysiological features of the "immature embryo in planta–morphogenic callus in vitro" system in spring bread wheat. The results of culture in vitro of different-ages embryos showed that immature embryos at the beginning of organogenesis are optimal for obtaining morphogenic callus. These embryos contain primordia of the scutellum and the shoot, represented by meristematic cells. The penetration of the inducer of callus formation (auxin 2,4-D in the optimal concentration) is favored by the absence of a dense wall in these cells. Morphogenic calli formed on the induction medium in vitro are mainly represented by meristematic cells united in groups (meristematic zones). This creates cytological prerequisites in the calli for the future implementation of various pathways of morphogenesis in vitro. The question about morphogenetic competence of immature embryos as the explants for obtaining morphogenic calli is discussed. It is proposed to consider the immature embryo in planta at the stage of the beginning of organogenesis and the morphogenic callus induced in vitro as a single system for biotechnological researches of cereals.

immature embryo in planta, morphogenic callus in vitro, meristematic cells, auxin 2,4-D, wheat

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