Biomics

It is known that Russian scientists have been involved in the research of nucleic acids from the earliest stages, but generalized in one article consideration of their contribution is not available and in this publication this gap is filled. Thus, the discovery 150 years ago F.Miescher nuclein to some extent involved the Russian scientist N. Lyubavin, because F.Hoppe-Seyler, doubted the existence of a new phosphorus-rich substance, entrusted including him to recheck this result. And let N. Lubavin got the object, obviously not containing in tangible quantities nucleic acids (milk), he still received some data, satisfied F.Hoppe-Seyler. Returning to Russia, N. Lyubavin conducted a number of experiments with "milk" nuclein. Another Russian, I. Obolensky, who was undergoing an internship in the laboratory of F. Hoppe-Seyler, while studying mucin, tried to isolate the nuclein from his object, but to no avail. A very large cycle of work on the study of nucleic acids was performed by an American biochemist born in Russia F. A. Levin / P. A. T. Levene. F. Levin suggested that the two main terms for the description and characteristics of nucleic acids – nucleoside and nucleotide. He established the carbohydrate component of yeast (plant) nucleic acid in the form of ribose, found the presence of phosphodiester bond. Together with the Russian scientist E. S. London, he determined the carbohydrate component of thymonucleic acid, which turned out to be deoxyribose. Unfortunately, F. Levin put forward an erroneous tetrad hypothesis of the organization of nucleic acids, which negatively affected the progress in their study. Professor P.F.Milovidov performed quite a large cycle of research on the cytochemistry of the plant nucleus, using the Feulgen reaction, which reveals deoxyribose and, consequently, thymonucleic acid. A significant contribution to the study of nucleic acids was made by academician A.N.Belozersky, who finally removed the question of the incorrect representation in the form of the existence of plant and animal nucleic acids, since the latter was also identified by him in plants of different species and this substance was isolated from them. A.N.Belozersky had played an important role in the detection of both types of nucleic acids in bacteria – pentose (RNA) and deoxypentose (DNA). Two other academicians, S.P.Kostytschew and A.A.Imshenetsky, took a relatively small part in the early research of nucleic acids. Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences Nobel laureate I.P.Pavlov also assisted in establishing the presence of deoxyribose in thymonucleic acid, which due to this after a while became known as DNA.

DNA, RNA, nuclein, thymonucleic acid, phytonucleic acid, nucleoside, nucleotide, ribose, deoxyribose, N.N.Lubavin, F.A.Levene, I.P.Pavlov, E.S.London, P. F.Milovidov, A.N.Belozersky

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