Biomics

Middle Russian, Bashkirian, Сarpathian (Apis mellifera carpatica), Gray Mountain Caucasian, Far-Eastern bees are bred in Russian Federation. As a result of breeding on the basis the selected material were obtained breed types of Middle Russian: «Priokskiy», «Orlovskiy», «Tatarskiy», «Burzyanskaya Bortevaya», Сarpathian: «Maykopskiy», «Moskovskiy» and «Krasnopolyanskiy» of Gray Mountain Caucasian breeds. Work was carried out in farms-originators of breed types «Priokskiy» on the apiaries Federal Beekeeping Research Centre», «Tatarskiy» - Selective Centre «Tatarskiy», «Burzyanskaya Bortevaya» - State Nature Reserve «Shulgan-Tash», «Krasnopolyanskiy» - Krasnopolyanskya Experimental Station for Beekeeping. The analysis of approbation data of selective achievements for Bashkirian and Far-Eastern breeds and breed types «Orlovskiy», «Maykopskiy», «Moskovskiy» is carried out. During investigations have been guided by «Methods of are carried scientific research works in beekeeping». The article presents morphometrical characteristics of bees, queens, drones, bee colonies for breeds and types. The reserves, nature reserves and pedigree farms are engaged in the conservation, selective improvement and reproduction of selected queen bees and colonies of certain origin and realization in regions of breeding bees are listed. The population structure of genetic diversity of bee breeds have been studied by the use of mtDNA by PCR method. For various bee breeds have been shown the amplification products with the length of fragments from 300 to 1000 bp. The molecular genetic characteristics of allelic pool of Middle Russian, Carpathian, Grey Mountain Caucasian breeds bees using nuclear DNA microsatellites are given. For conducting pedigree work in beekeeping, a number of normative documents have been prepared: provision on the state natural preserve for preserving the gene pool of native breed (population) of honey bee; the rules for classifying bee-breeding farms as thoroughbred; the national standard for a queen bee and the interstate standard for the bee colony.

Apis mellifera L.; selection; breed; type; bee colony; characteristic; pedigree farm; DNA–marker

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