Biomics

The most appropriate solution of the problem of remediation of soil contamination with petroleum is the use of biological technologies. Different plant species are known to be able to absorb pollutants from the soil, concentrate or destroy them with the help of secreted root enzymes, especially in symbiosis with microorganisms. In this work, the stability of plants of oats, barley, Sudan grass, peas, bromegrass, meadow fescue, clover and couch grass in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons in various concentrations in the soil was studied under the laboratory conditions. In most plants of the studied species, inhibition of germination and growth, reduction of evapotranspiration and changes of photosynthesis parameters (maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (Y (II)) quantum yield of photosystem II and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)) were detected. For each plant species, the features of the negative impact of the presence of oil in the soil were identified. Thus, plants of bromegrass showed a relatively high ability to accumulate biomass, but they had problems with germination, barley plants showed relatively high growth rate, but then their leaves were quite quickly covered with necrotic spots. The most stable, according to all the studied parameters, proved to be oat plants, but, nevertheless, at the end of the experiment we observed drying of the leaves tips. Our results indicate that under conditions of soil pollution with oil, inhibition of plant growth can be primarily associated with disturbance of water relations, which leads to the suppression of the growth of shoot cells and a decrease in the area of photo-assimilating organs (leaves). Comparison of the reaction of a number of plant species to oil pollution showed that each of them showed signs of a predominant disturbance of a process that could reduce the effectiveness of plant participation in phytoremediation.

oats Avena sativa, barley Hordeum vulgare, sudangrass Sorghum × drummondii, peas Pisum sativum, bromegrass Bromus inermis, meadow fescue grass Festuca pratensis, clover Trifolium pratense, couch grass Dactylis glomerata, oil pollution, growth

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