Biomics

The immunolocalization of cytokinins at the early stages of embryoidogenesis in vitro in the wheat embryo calli (cv. Bashkirskaya 26) was studied. It was established that at the stage of embryoidogenesis induction cytokinins were localized mainly in morphogenetic centers and in the meristematic zone, the cells of which are the initials of embryoids. In the blastomerization phase, cytokinins were evenly distributed in the cells of the apical part of the early globular embryoid proper, and also were found in the hypophysis. In the late globular embryoid, cytokinins were determined in the cells of the embryoid proper, mainly in its apical part. The role of cytokinins in the creation of positional information necessary for the differentiation of embryoid cells and the initiation of its organs is discussed.

spring bread wheat, Triticum aestivum L., callus, embryoidogenesis in vitro, cytokinins, immunolocalization

1. Batygina T.B. Biologiya razvitiya rastenii. Simfoniya zhizni. SPb.: DEAN, 2014. 764 s. (Plant development biology - In Russian)
2. Chen D., Ren Y., Deng Y., Zhao J. Auxin polar transport is essential for the development of zygote and embryo in Nicotiana tabacum L. and correlated with ABP1 and PM H+-ATPase activities. J. Exp. Bot. 2010. V. 61. P. 1853–1867. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq056
3. De Smet I., Lau S., Mayer U., Jürgens G. Embryogenesis – the humble beginnings of plant life. Plant J. 2010. V. 61. P. 959–970. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04143.x
4. Hamann T. The role of auxin in apical-basal pattern formation during Arabidopsis embryogenesis. J. Plant Growth Regul. 2001. V. 20. P. 292–299. DOI: 10.1007/s003440010029
5. Kruglova N.N., Seldimirova O.A. Regeneraciya pshenicy in vitro i ex vitro: cito-gistologicheskie aspekty. Ufa: Gilem, 2011. 124 s. (Wheat regeneration in vitro and ex vitro: сyto-histological aspects - In Russian)
6. Medvedev S.S., Sharova E.I. Biologiya razvitiya rasteniy. T. 1. Nachala biologii razvitiya rasteniy. Fitogormony. SPb.: Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta, 2011. 253 s. (Biology of plant development. Vol.1. The beginning of the biology of plant development. Phytohormones. - In Russian)
7. Murashige Т., Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco cultures. Physiol Plant. 1962. V. 15. P. 473–497. DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
8. Nosov A.M. Kul'tura kletok vysshih rasteniy – unikal'naya sistema, model', instrument. Fiziologiya rasteniy. 1999. T. 46. S. 837–844. (Cell culture of higher plants-a unique system, model, tool - In Russian)
9. Robert H.S., Khaitova L.C., Mroue S., Benková E. The importance of localized auxin production for morphogenesis of reproductive organs and embryos in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot. 2015. V. 66. P. 5029–5042. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv256
10. Romanov G.A. How do cytokinins affect the cell? Russ. J. Plant Physiol. 2009. V. 56. P. 268–290. DOI: 10.1134/S1021443709020174
11. Seldimirova O.A., Katasonova A.A., Kruglova N.N. Formirovanie morfogeneticheskogo ochaga kak nachal'niy etap morfogeneza v kallyusah razlichnogo proishozhdeniya u pshenicy. Fiziologiya i biohimiya kul't. rastenii. 2011. T. 43. S. 297–306. (Formation of morphogenetic hotbed as the initial stage of morphogenesis in callus of different origin in wheat - In Russian).
12. Seldimirova O.A., Kruglova N.N. Properties of the initial stages of embryoidogenesis in vitro in wheat calli of various origin. Biol. Bull. 2013 V. 40. P. 447–454. DOI: 10.1134/S1062359013050154
13. Seldimirova O.A., Kudoyarova G.R., Kruglova N.N., Zaytsev D.Yu., Veselov S.Yu. Changes in distribution of cytokinins and auxins in cell during callus induction and organogenesis in vitro in immature embryo culture of wheat. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol. Plant. 2016. V. 52. P. 251–264. DOI: 10.1007/s11627-016-9767-4
14. Shani E., Yanai O., Ori N. The role of hormones in shoot apical meristem function. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2006. V. 9. P. 484–489. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.07.008
15. Somatic embryogenesis: Fundamental aspects and applications / Eds Loyola-Vargas V.M., Ochoa-Alejo N. Springer, Cham, 2016. 506 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33705-0
16. Su Y.-H., Liu Y.-B., Zhang X.-S. Auxin–cytokinin interaction regulates meristem development. Molecular Plant. 2011. V. 4. P. 616–625. DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr007
17. Vysotskaya L.B., Akhiyarova G.R., Veselov S.Yu., Kudoyarova G.R. Soderzhanie citokininov v kletkah raznyh zon korney pshenicy. Tsitologiya. 2011. T. 53. S. 884-890. (The content of cytokinins in the cells of different zones of wheat roots - In Russian)
18. Winkelmann T. Somatic versus zygotic embryogenesis: Learning from seeds. In Vitro Embryogenesis in Higher Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology, V. 1359 / Eds Germana M., Lambardi M. Humana Press, New York, 2016. P. 25–46. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3061-6_2
19. Zimmerman J.L. Somatic embryogenesis: A model for early development in higher plants. Plant Cell. V. 5. P. 1411–1423. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.5.10.1411