eISSN: 2221-6197 DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197

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  7. The evolution of approaches to DNA identification of personality

The evolution of approaches to DNA identification of personality

Year: 2018

Pages: 85-140

Number: Volume 10, issue 1

Type: scientific article

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2018-16

Topic: Article

Authors: Chemeris D.A., Sagitov A.M., Aminev F.G., Garafutdinov R.R.!, Sakhabutdinova A.R.!, Vasilov R.G., Alekseev Ya.I., Slominsky P.A.!, Khusnutdinova E.K., Chemeris A.V., Lutsenko V.I.

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Summary:

The article presents an overview of the different methods of DNA identification, starting with the work A. Jeffreys and his colleagues in the mid-1980s, and mentioned a number of previous publications on DNA polymorphism. Various types of human DNA polymorphisms are briefly characterized. Minisatellite sequence which also has another name in the form of Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR); amplified Minisatellite Variant Repeat (MVR-PCR); the alleles of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex HLA-DQA1 and Polymarker loci, which formed the basis of the first commercial kit for DNA identification are described in this article. Significant attention is paid to Short Tandem Repeats (STR) and their version miniSTR. The majority of this review focuses on Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism of DNA (SNP), including microhaplotypes and composite loci/alleles comprising different polymorphisms with the participation of the SNP. The insertion-deletion polymorphism, abbreviated as indels, including the one analyzed together with STR-loci, was also not left without attention. The use of such a mass type of repeats as Alu-elements for DNA identification is described. Since sometimes it is important to determine the sex of DNA samples, which uses the analysis of gender loci, this issue is covered in a separate Chapter. Other methods of genotyping of individuals, including AB0 loci, cytosine methylation, use of RNA molecules, human microbiome, and full genome sequencing were also not forgotten. Special attention is paid to massive parallel sequencing as a method of data acquisition for DNA criminology. The paper discusses the redundancy of data on STR-polymorphism, which became known after not only capillary, but also genomic sequencers were used for DNA identification. Some existing forensic databases of DNA data in different countries are briefly described. The advantages and disadvantages of basic approaches to DNA identification of personality in the form of VNTR-, STR- and SNP-polymorphisms are considered. Major interest is shown in the digitalization of primary data obtained by different methods used for DNA identification. An attempt is made to predict the future of DNA identification of the personality, which is not excluded that it will be reoriented to another type of polymorphism in the form of SNPs, as the main source of information, providing the maximum level of digitalization. Cited literature is about 400 references.

Keywords:

DNA identification, DNA polymorphism, VNTR, STR, SNP, indels, microhaplotypes, PCR, capillary gel electrophoresis, massive parallel sequencing, DNA criminology, digitalization, DNA-digitizing, databases

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