eISSN: 2221-6197 DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197

Application of induced mutagenesis for increasing the genetic polymorphism of cotton

Year: 2017

Pages: 370-379

Number: Volume 9, issue 4

Type: scientific article

Summary:

Cotton (Gossypium L.) is one of the most important technical crops of strategic importance for all countries of the world, but due to severe climatic conditions in Russia it can be cultivated only in the southernmost regions. In this regard, it is important to bring out new varieties of this crop that can yield crops in other climatic zones of our country. To increase the speed of breeding and increase the genetic polymorphism of cotton, methods of radiation and chemical mutagenesis can be used. One of the rather widely used mutagens in plant breeding is sodium azide, which itself or its metabolites cause point mutations in the genome without causing frameshift mutations. We carried out an experimental work on treating cotton seeds with sodium azide solution in phosphate buffer (pH 3). This mutagen in a concentration of 1-5 mM had a negative effect on the seed germination and the plant growth in the initial period of development. At the same time, sodium azide at a concentration of 10 mM had little effect on seed germination and had a positive effect on plant growth during the initial period of development. Anomalies of leaf development were detected in some mutant plants. The methods of RAPD and ISSR analysis failed to reveal genetic polymorphism between wild-type plants and mutant forms. The obtained data testify to the feasibility of increasing the concentration of sodium azide for the treatment of cotton seeds.

Keywords:

Gossypium, cotton, induced mutagenesis, radiation, sodium azide, chemical mutagenesis, genetic polymorphism, RAPD analysis, ISSR analysis

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eISSN: 2221-6197 DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197