Biomics

The analysis of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the honeybee Apis mellifera in comparison with the well-annotated, finished fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster genome presented in this article. The nuclear genome of the honeybee has about 245 millions bp, which distributed in 16 chromosomes and contains about 10 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the A. mellifera has about 16 thousands bp, which located in mitochondrions and contains 35 genes. The nuclear genome of the fruit fly has about 144 millions bp, which distributed in 4 chromosomes and contains about 17 thousands genes. The mitochondrial genome of the D. melanogaster has about 19 thousands bp, which located in mitochondrions and contains 37 genes. Despite the full sequencing of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the A. mellifera the function of several genes and loci of A. mellifera do not disclosed fully. A comparative analysis of the genomes of A. mellifera and D. melanogaster using bioinformatics techniques allowed revealing the features of the structure and function of the honeybee A. mellifera genome. The genome of A. mellifera have more similarity with the vertebrate genome than D. melanogaster. The genome of A. mellifera contains less genes of the native immunity, of detoxification enzymes, of cuticle proteins and taste receptors compared with D. melanogaster. However, A. mellifera contains new genes associated with olfactory receptors, the processing of pollen and nectar, poison organs, wax glands, caste determination and labour division which absent at D. melanogaster. Probably, this is due to the ecology of bees and their social evolution.

nuclear genome, mitochondrial genome, Apis mellifera, Drosophila melanogaster, fruit fly, fruitfly, honeybee, honey bee, genes, chromosomes.

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