Biomics

Seven informative genes of the honey bee Apis mellifera, which allow differentiating subspecies from evolutionary lineages А, М, С, О, were found based on the comparative analysis of 12 genes mitochondrial genome. We had showed the high level differentiate ability of the gene ND2 mtDNA by comparative analysis of the sequences this gene on statistically significant size of sample of the honey bees. We suggested that each one from the seven informative genes can be used for differentiation the subspecies of the honey bees from evolutionary lineages А, М, С, О.

dark European bees, evolutionary lineage, Apis mellifera, mtDNA, gene ND2, mitochondrial genome, subspecies differentiation, phylogenetics analisys, single nucleotide polymorphism.

1. Ильясов Р.А., Косарев М.Н., Поскряков А.В., Шарипов А.Я., Николенко А.Г. Новый подход к оценке генетического потенциала семей темной лесной пчелы Apis mellifera mellifera на основе полиморфизма микросателлитных локусов // Биомика. 2015а. Т. 7. C. 138-152.
2. Ильясов Р.А., Поскряков А.В., Николенко А.Г. Методы идентификации подвида A.m.mellifera пчелы медоносной // Пчеловодство. № 8. 2008. С. 8-9.
3. Ильясов Р.А., Поскряков А.В., Николенко А.Г. Современное состояние и сохранение темной лесной пчелы Apis mellifera mellifera в России и странах Европы // Биомика. 2015б. Т. 7. C. 121-127.
4. Ильясов Р.А., Поскряков А.В., Петухов А.В., Николенко А.Г. Генетическая дифференциация локальных популяций темной лесной пчелы Apis mellifera mellifera L. на Урале // Генетика. 2015в. Т. 51 (7). С. 792-798.
5. Alburaki M., Bertrand B., Legout H. et al. A fifth major genetic group among honeybees revealed in Syria // BMC Genetics. 2013. V. 14. P. 117.
6. Arias M.C., Sheppard W.S. Molecular phylogenetics of honeybee subspecies (Apis mellifera L.) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence // Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1996. V. 5. P. 557-566.
7. Cornuet J.M., Garnery L., Solignac M. Putative origin and function of the intergenic region between COI and COII of Apis mellifera L. mitochondrial DNA // Genetics 1991. V. 128. P. 393-403.
8. Crozier R.H., Crozier Y.C. The mitochondrial genome of the honeybee Apis mellifera: complete sequence and genome organization // Genetics. 1993. V. 133 (1). P. 97-117.
9. Engel M.S. The taxonomy of recent and fossil honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Apis) // J. Hym. Res. 1999. V. 8. P. 165-196.
10. Franck P., Garnery L., Loiseau B.P. et al. Genetic diversity of the Honey bee in Africa: microsatellite and mitochondrial data // Heredity. 2001. V. 86. P. 420-430.
11. Franck P., Garnery L., Solignac M., Cornuet J.-M. Molecular conformation of a fourth lineage in honeybees from Middle-East // Apidologie. 2000. V. 31. P. 167-180.
12. Fuller Z.L., Nino E.L., Patch H.M. et al. Genome-wide analysis of signatures of selection in populations of African honey bees (Apis mellifera) using new web-based tools // BMC Genomics. 2015. V. 16. P. 1-18. DOI:10.1186/s12864-015-1712-0.
13. Garnery L., Cornuet J.- M., Solignac M. Evolutionary history of the honey bee Apis mellifera inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis // Mol. Ecol. 1992. V. 1. P. 145-154.
14. Gibson J.D., Hunt G.J. The complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive Africanized Honey Bee, Apis mellifera scutellata (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae) // Mitochondrial DNA. 2014. DOI:10.3109/19401736.2014.905858.
15. Haddad N.J. Mitochondrial genome of the levant region honeybee, Apis mellifera syriaca (Hymenoptera: Apidae) // Mitochondrial DNA. 2015. DOI:10.3109/19401736.2014.1003846.
16. Hepburn H.R., Radloff S.E. Honeybees of Africa. Berlin: Springer, 1998. 130 p.
17. Hu P., Lu Z.X., Wang Y.Z. et al. Complete mitochondrial genome of the Algerian honeybee, Apis mellifera intermissa (Hymenoptera: Apidae) // Mitochondrial DNA. 2014. DOI:10.3109/19401736.2014.963815.
18. Ilyasov R.A., Kutuev I.A., Petukhov A.V., Poskryakov A.V., Nikolenko A.G. Phylogenetics relationships of dark European honeybees Apis mellifera mellifera L. from the Russian Ural and West European populations // Journal of Apicultural Science. 2011. V. 55. P. 67-76.
19. Jensen A.B., Pedersen B.V. Honeybee Conservation: a case story from Læsø island, Denmark, in: Lodesani M., Costa C. Beekeeping and conserving biodiversity of honeybee. Sustainable bee breeding. Northern Bee Books, Hebden Bridge, 2005. P. 142-164.
20. Kandemir I., Kence M., Sheppard W.S., Kence A. Mitochondrial DNA variation in honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Turkey // J. Apic. Res. 2006. V. 45. P. 33-38.
21. Kekecoglu M., Bouga M., Soysal M. I., Harizanis P. Genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships of honey bee populations from Turkey using PCR-RFLP’s analysis of two mtDNA segments // Bulg. J. Agric. Sci. 2009. V. 15. P. 589-597.
22. Meixner M.D., Leta M.A., Koeniger N., Fuchs S. The honey bees of Ethiopia represent a new subspecies of Apis mellifera - Apis mellifera simensis n. ssp. // Apidologie. 2011. V. 42. P. 425-437.
23. Meixner M.D., Pinto M.A., Bouga M. et al. Standard methods for characterising subspecies and ecotypes of Apis mellifera // J. Apic. Res. 2013. V. 52. DOI10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.05.
24. Oleksa A., Chybicki I., Tofilski A., Burczyk J. Nuclear and mitochondrial patterns of introgression into native dark bees (Apis mellifera mellifera) in Poland // J. Apic. Res. 2011. V. 50. P. 116-129.
25. Palmer M.R., Smith D.R., Kaftanoglu O. Turkish honeybees: genetic variation and evidence of a fourth lineage of Apis mellifera mtDNA // J. Hered. 2000. V. 91. P. 42-46.
26. Papachristoforou A., Rortais A., Bouga M. et al. Genetic characterization of the Cyprian honey bee (Apis mellifera cypria) based on microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms // J. Apic. Sci., 2013. V. 57. P. 127-134.
27. Péntek-Zakar E., Oleksa A., Borowik T., Kusza S. Population structure of honey bees in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary) confirms introgression from surrounding subspecies // Ecology and Evolution. 2015. P. 1-12. doi:10.1002/ece3.1781.
28. Pinto M.A., Muñoz I., Chávez-Galarza J., De La Rua P. The Atlantic side of the Iberian peninsula: a hot-spot of novel African honey bee maternal diversity // Apidologie. 2012. V. 43. P. 663-673.
29. Ruttner F. Biogeography and Taxonomy of Honey bees. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1988. 288 p.
30. Ruttner F., Tassencourt L., Louveaux J. Biometrical statistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera L. I: Materials and methods // Apidologie 1978. V. 9. P. 363-382.
31. Sheppard W.S., Meixner M.D. Apis mellifera pomonella, a new honey bee subspecies from Central Asia // Apidologie. 2003. V. 34. P. 367-375.
32. Soland-Reckeweg G., Heckel G., Neumann P. et al. Gene flow in admixed populations and implications for the conservation of the Western honeybee, Apis mellifera // J. Insect Conserv. 2009. V. 13. P. 317-328.
33. Wallberg A., Han F., Wellhagen G. et al. A worldwide survey of genome sequence variation provides insight into the evolutionary history of the honeybee Apis mellifera // Nat. Genet. 2014. V. 46. P. 1081-1088.
34. Whitfield C.W., Behura S.K., Berlocher S.H. et al. Thrice out of Africa: ancient and recent expansions of the honey bee, Apis mellifera // Science. 2006. V. 314. P. 642-645.