Biomics

In Russia and the countries of Western and Northern Europe dark European bee Apis mellifera mellifera has been recognized as the most effective for commercial breeding. Earlier beekeepers of Nordic countries were of a different opinion and put massive experiments on the introduction and breeding subspecies of the Southern and Eastern Europe in their apiaries. This development led to massive introgression of genes of bees from southern populations into dark European bees. Therefore they lost of the purity of the aboriginal gene pool. For restore the gene pool of the dark European bees within the historic range is necessary selection of colonies based on the genetic standardization in the preserved isolates of A.m.mellifera. We have shown the ability to identify bee colonies with the best genetic potential. We found that the genetic potential of bee colonies, nesting in natural and artificial tree trunks (bort and koloda) and inhabiting in the wild nature, maintain more effective than colonies in commercial beehives on apiaries using the analysis of the level of introgression of southern genes and assess the level of average heterozygosity according based on polymorphism of 9 microsatellite loci.

Apis mellifera mellifera, dark European bee, tree hollow nesting dark bee, Burzyan ecotype of dark European bee, genetic diversity of bee colonies, the introgression of southern genes, the optimal genetic potential of bee colonies, the preservation of the genetic diversity, hybridization of subspecies.

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