Biomics

Более 70 лет назад, в августе 1955 г., вышла статья, в которой описан первый синтез динуклеотидов с природной фосфодиэфирной связью. За прошедшие годы химический синтез олигонуклеотидов претерпел серьезную эволюцию, пройдя различные этапы: от фосфотриэфирного, через фосфонатный, фосфодиэфирный, фосфиттриэфирный, преобразованный затем в амидофосфитный. Последний является в настоящее время основным методом синтеза олигонуклеотидов с помощью автоматических ДНК-синтезаторов. В целом, амидофосфитный способ обеспечивает решение текущих задач науки и практики, за исключением получения протяженных олигонуклеотидов и крупномасштабного синтеза. Однако потребность в олигонуклеотидах будет неизбежно расти, в том числе их модифицированных форм, как в плане разнообразия, так и в количественном отношении. При этом должны будут интенсивно развиваться как твердофазный колоночный и микрочиповый синтезы, так и синтез в жидкой фазе, способный обеспечить производство килограммовых количеств терапевтических олигонуклеотидов. Можно прогнозировать, что потребность в относительно коротких олигонуклеотидах для сельского хозяйства через некоторое время будет измеряться тоннами.

олигонуклеотид, химический синтез олигонуклеотидов, амидофосфитный метод, ДНК-синтезатор, твердофазный колоночный синтез, микрочиповый синтез, синтез олигонуклеотидов в жидкой фазе

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