Biomics

Сейчас известно, что синий пигмент индиго (точнее его предшественники) содержится у приблизительно 300 видов растений, но основными индигоносами служат лишь несколько видов, среди которых Indigofera tinctorium, Isatis tinctorium, Polygonum tinctorium (Persikaria tinctoria), Strobilanthes cusia (Baphicacanthus cusia). На протяжении нескольких тысячелетий человечество использовало растительный пигмент индиго для окрашивания тканей и раскрашивания людских тел. С развитием цивилизации к ним добавилось применение индиго в народной медицине для лечения различных болезней. Долгие годы индиго добывалось из растительного сырья, но в конце XIX века были разработаны методы химического синтеза этого красителя. В настоящее время природное индиго практически полностью вытеснено крупнотоннажным химическим производством. Около 95% всего синтезируемого красителя расходуется на крашение тканей, в первую очередь денима, идущего для пошива джинсовой одежды. Водорастворимое производное индиго – индигокармин – находит применение в медицине, а также в пищевой промышленности, где с его помощью придают продуктам питания голубую или синюю окраску (пищевая добавка Е132). В наступившем тысячелетии, благодаря достижениям биохимии и молекулярной биологии, раскрывшим пути биосинтеза индигоидов в растениях, и клонированным генам ферментов, участвующих в метаболизме индиго, появилась потенциальная возможность использовать индиго в качестве репортерной молекулы при создании трансгенных растений. Стала проявлять интерес к индиго и электронная промышленность.

индиго, индигоиды, индиготин, индикан, индоксил, флавин-зависимая монооксигеназа, трансгенные растения, репортерные гены

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