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  9. ХРОНОЛОГИЯ СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛНЫХ ГЕНОМОВ РАСТЕНИЙ

ХРОНОЛОГИЯ СЕКВЕНИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛНЫХ ГЕНОМОВ РАСТЕНИЙ

Год: 2025

Страницы: 8–16

Номер: Том 17, № 1

Тип: научная статья

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31301/2221-6197.bmcs.2025-2

Рубрика: Статьи

Авторы: Сахабутдинова Ассоль Рафиковна, Баймиев Алексей Ханифович, Кулуев Азат Разяпович, Баймиев Андрей Ханифович, Кулуев Булат Разяпович, Гарафутдинов Равиль Ринатович, Чемерис Алексей Викторович

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Аннотация:

Начало эры секвенирования полных ядерных геномов высших растений совпало с началом нового тысячелетия, и за прошедшие четверть века достигнут большой прогресс в плане количества секвенированных геномов растений, которых насчитывается уже более 5 тысяч, принадлежащих приблизительно 2 тысячам видов. Однако подавляющее большинство секвенированных геномов представляют собой квазигеномы с консенсусными нуклеотидными последовательностями начала века, в виде мозаичной композитной сборки участков парных хромосом. При этом достигнутый не так давно уровень по-хромосомной сборки геномов, в том числе T2T (от теломеры до теломеры), несущей больше генетической информации, распределенной по отдельным хромосомам, включая теломеры и центромеры, тем не менее, сохраняет их мозаичный характер. Десятилетие назад для растений появились первые результаты по геномным последовательностям с фазированной сборкой гаплотипов, представляющие собой новый уровень знаний о геномах, в гораздо большей степени позволяющей проследить связь генотипа с фенотипом. Но подобных геномов собрано пока не так много. Со временем стало ясно, что один референсный геном для любого вида никак не соответствует огромному разнообразию полиморфизма ДНК, и тогда на сцену вышел пангеном вида, а вслед за ним и супер-пангеном рода. Однако пангеномов, супер-пангеномов составлено тоже пока не так много, но при этом уже есть таковые, опирающиеся на знания фазированных диплоидных геномов растений разных уровней плоидности, прошедших функциональную диплоидизацию. В данной статье представлено эволюционное развитие полногеномных исследований в виде улучшаемых сборок нуклеотидных последовательностей, особенностью которого является упоминание только тех геномов растений, которые соответствовали достигнутому уровню сборки в каждый отрезок времени, но при достижении нового порога «качества» генома приводятся лишь только геномы очередных уровней сборок, а геномы прежних уровней, которые продолжают секвенировать и дальше, уже игнорируются.

Ключевые слова:

геном, секвенирование, сборка, квазигеном, T2T геном, пангеном, супер-пангеном, фазированный геном, диплоидный геном, геном с разрешением по гаплотипу

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eISSN: 2221-6197 DOI: 10.31301/2221-6197